computer virus :: essays research papers

Overview In the following report, â€Å"computer viruses† will be explained in detail. A lengthy and informative description of the evolution and history on microcomputer viruses will be given, to give you a background of their origin for some understanding of how they came to be. The next segment in the report is on how to combat computer viruses with the development of anti-virus applications. The current status of microcomputer viruses will also be discussed, naming the most common types of viruses and the most harmful type at this present point in time. Details of the most recent outbreaks of computer viruses, such as the â€Å"Melissa†, â€Å"I Love You† and the most recent â€Å"Anna Kournikova† viruses will be explained, and why they are so harmful. I will also give you my recommendations on how to combat this threat of computer viruses, what Anti-virus Applications that I believe should be used, and why updating your virus definitions for these programs on a regular basis is so vital and important in your quest to have a happy and uninfected computer. And finally, I give you my conclusion in which I can only hope that you will find helpful. A History Of Computer Viruses The term â€Å"Virus† was not used to describe a self-replicating computer program until the American electrical engineer named â€Å"Fred Cohen† associated the term with it in 1983. In the 1950’s at Bell Laboratories, â€Å"John von Neumann’s† theory in which he made in 1949 was put to the test. His theory stated that it was (MS Encarta 98, Virus [computer], History) â€Å"Theoretically possible for a computer program to replicate†. His theory was tested after a game called â€Å"Core Wars† was developed whereby (MS Encarta 98, Virus [computer], History) â€Å"Players created tiny computer programs that attacked, erased, and tried to propagate on an opponent’s system†. In the late 1960’s through to the early 1970’s, the program called â€Å"The Rabbit† was constantly appearing on the mainframes at the time. Kaspersky (www.avp.ch) â€Å"These programs cloned themselves, occupied system resources, thus lowering the productivity of the system†. These viruses were only localised, as they did not spread from one system to another and are thought to have only been pranks or mistakes by programmers. The â€Å"Univac 1108† and â€Å"IBM 360/370† systems were infected with one of the first known computer viruses, â€Å"Pervading Animal†. This virus attached itself to executable files, which damaged the infected file. In 1986 the first stealth virus hit IBM Compatible PC’s, called the â€Å"BRAIN† virus.

Competitiveness of Philippines in global map Essay

0.5% of world-wide GDP share implies Philippines is really an insignificant player in world economy in terms of economic output, and 95 millions population, about 1.5% of ~7 billion world population, means current productivity level is only one third of world average. This is a typical characteristic of developing Asian countries, i.e., high population but low economic production output. However, even if only comparing with average of developing Asian countries, including China, India, Indonesia, Malaysia, Pakistan, Singapore, South Korea, Sri Lanka, Taiwan, Thailand, Vietnam, the growth of Philippines’ GDP per capita is still significantly lagging behind in the past 20 years, and the gap is continuously widen since 2006. Philippines is at the stage of transitioning from factor driven economy to efficiency driven economy. What is promising for Philippines is that the global ranking of competitiveness among 144 countries is improving for the last three year, 85 – 75 – 65, and indices â€Å"Macroeconomic environment†, â€Å"Market size† are even among the top 40. The indices show â€Å"Labor market efficiency†, â€Å"Infrastructure†, â€Å"Health and primary education†, â€Å"Institution† and â€Å"Innovation† are area lagging behind. From the survey data of â€Å"The most problematic factors for doing business† in Philippines show government corruption, bureaucracy and policy instability are the most problematic issues businessmen are facing, other than inadequate infrastructure such as road, stable supply of electricity etc. I. Trade and Foreign Direct Investment in the Philippines Historically, the Philippines have been an important centre for commerce for centuries for its important location in south east Asia. Since 1980s, the Philippines have opened their economy to foreign markets, and established a network of free trade agreements with several countries. Some Philippines’ Import and Export Indicators and Statistics are list below: – Total value of exports: US$50.72 billion – Primary exports – commodities: semiconductors and electronic products, transport equipment, garments, copper products, petroleum products, coconut oil, fruits – Primary exports partners: US (17.6 percent of total exports), Japan (16.2 percent), Netherlands (9.8 percent), Hong Kong (8.6 percent), China (7.7 percent), Germany (6.5 percent), Singapore (6.2 percent), South Korea (4.8 percent) – Total value of imports: US$59.9 billion – Primary imports – commodities: electronic products, mineral fuels, machinery and transport equipment, iron and steel, textile fabrics, grains, chemicals, plastic – Primary imports partners: Japan (12.5 percent of total imports), US (12 percent), China (8.8 percent), Singapore (8.7 percent), South Korea (7.9 percent), Taiwan (7.1 percent), Thailand (5.7 percent) The United States is one of the Philippines top trading partners. In 2010, according to US Department of Commerce data, trade between the Philippines and US amounts to US$15.4 billion. US is also the Philippines largest foreign investor, with foreign direct investment close to US$6 billion at the end of 2009. As of 21st century, the country is member in several international trade organizations including the APEC, ASEAN and WTO, under the new Aquino administration, the government plans to open up the country to more foreign investment in industries such as business processing operations, mining and tourism. However, this move may be hindered by restrictions such a prohibition of foreign ownership of land and public utilities. Also foreign investment was also impact by the financial crisis in 2008-2009 period, historical foreign investment data, breakdown by industry and country are listed below: Net inflows of foreign direct investments (FDI) to the Philippines for the first two months of 2012 were $850 million, three times higher than the $335 million during the same period in 2011, showing a strong recovery of the foreign investment in Philippines. II. Basic Education System The former basic education system of the Philippines is composed of: 6 years of elementary education starting at the age of 6 or 7, and 4 years of high school education starting at the age of 12 or 13. In this system, high school education is not compulsory. A formal public education system structure is show below: Participation rate for elementary school in 2009 is 89.43%, go up to 89.89% in 2010. As for secondary school, 2009 is 59.86%, go up to 61.26% in 2010. For Kindergarten, 1.65 million children enrolled in 2010, participation rate of 75.72%, grow to 2.04 million, participation rate of 91.67%, in 2011. These numbers are not impressive even compared to Asian developing countries. As the country need to improve overall productivity, higher quality human resource is a must pre-requisite, more resource allocation to education is in top priority list of Philippines government. Since June 4, 2012, Department of Education started to implement the new K-12 basic educational system, which includes the new curricula for all schools including one year of kindergarten(for 5 years old), 6 years of primary education, 4 years of junior high school and 2 years of senior high school. In this system, basic education is now compulsory. Program implementation in public schools is being done in phases starting SY 2012–2013. Grade 1 entrants in SY 2012–2013 are the first batch to fully undergo the program, and current 1st year Junior High School students (or Grade 7) are the first to undergo the enhanced secondary education program. First cohort of K to 12 grade 6 and Grade 12 will graduate in 2018. III. Population and Workforce Population – 103,775,002 (July 2011 est.) Age group – 0-14 years: 34.6% (male 17,999,279/female 17,285,040) 15-64 years: 61.1% (male 31,103,967/female 31,097,203) 65 years and over: 4.3% (male 1,876,805/female2,471,644) (2011 est.) Population growth rate – 1.873% (2011 est.) Birth rate – 24.98 births/1,000 population (2011 est.) Death rate – 4.98 deaths/1,000 population (July 2011 est.) Urbanization – urban population: 49% of total population (2010) Major cities – population – MANILA (capital) 11.449 million Relatively young population, due to high birth rate, is one of the key force that push Philippines economic growth. This means sufficient young labor force supply to industries and also a big consumer market demand for young people. It is estimated that between 9.5 million to 12.5 million Filipinos work or reside abroad, these Overseas Filipino Workers, or OFWs, constitute 11% of the total population. In 2012, the Bangko Sentral ng Pilipinas (BSP), the central bank of the Philippines, expects official remittances from OFWs coursed through banks and agents to grow 5% over 2011 to US$21 billion, but official remittances are only a fraction of all remittances. Remittances by unofficial, including illegal, channels are estimated by to be 30 to 40% higher than the official BSP figure. OFW remittances represent 13.5% of the country’s GDP, the largest in proportion to the domestic economy. Philippines is considered having a highly skilled labor force, proficiency in English, and a constant stream of college-educated graduates entering the workforce. This attracts many foreign companies to set up operation here. Take one of the fastest growing industries in the country, Call center, as example, Call centers began in the Philippines as plain providers of email response and managing services, these have industrial capabilities for almost all types of customer relations, ranging from travel services, technical support, education, customer care, financial services, and online business-to-customer support, online business-to-business support. Due to its less expensive operational and labor costs, highly skilled labor force, the Philippines is overtaking India as the largest call center hub in the world. Reference 1. World Economic Forum. 2012. Global Competitiveness Report_2012-2013. [ONLINE] Available at: http://www.weforum.org/reports. [Accessed 25 November 12]. 2. Economy Watch. 2012. Philippines Trade, Exports and Imports. [ONLINE] Available at: http://www.economywatch.com/world_economy/philippines/export-import.html. [Accessed 25 November 12]. 3. Department of Trade and Industry, Philippines. 2012. Total Approved Foreign Direct Investments 1996-2009. [ONLINE] Available at: http://www.dti.gov.ph/dti/index.php?p=3. [Accessed 25 November 12]. 4. Slideshare. 2012. The State of Basic education. [ONLINE] Available at: http://www.slideshare.net/arangkadaph/state-of-education-in-the-philippines-2012. [Accessed 26 November 12]. 5. Department of Education, Philippines. 2012. The K to 12 Basic Education Program. [ONLINE] Available at: http://www.deped.gov.ph/default.asp. [Accessed 26 November 12]. 6. World Bank, Human Development Department, 2010. â€Å"Philippines Skills Report, Skills for Labor Market in the Philippines†, Report No. 50096-PH, March 2010. 7. Youtube video: Population in the Philippines, 2012. [Accessed 26 November 12]. Available at: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YatkDHzahWw&feature=relmfu. Filipinos Working abroad, 2012. [Accessed 26 November 12]. Available at: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=At1OVpefZus&feature=relmfu. World Call Center Capital, 2012. [Accessed 26 November 12]. Available at: http://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=endscreen&v=kFBgauGCOEQ&NR=1,

Merit Based Compensation For Public Sector Opportunities...

The question I would like to research is the feasibility of merit-based compensation in the public sector: opportunities and limitations. I would like to explore merit-based compensation systems in public organizations, their effect on performance and motivation of employees, and analyze the factors that may provide limitations to the performance-based compensation in the public sector. The same way as the business, public sector depends on talented, qualified, skilled and efficient employees, and is interested in utilizing all available tools and means to support and encourage their high level of performance. Compensation can be one of the effective resources to use for this purpose (Larkin, Pierce, Gino 2012). Merit-based compensation for the government employees was introduced by Civil Service Reform Act in 1978 that in 1984 was changed in the Public Management Reform Act. For the decades of implementation, there have been lessons learned, but many questions remain open (Choi, Whitford 2013). Although private sector provides more flexibility with compensation systems that can be used to reword talented and efficient personnel, public agencies can also build in performance measurements in their compensation system (Ljungholm, 2015). The questions that are often raised when it comes to analyzing of the public employee’s motivation if it is that much tied to the compensation as in private sector, and if it is that much of an outcome oriented versus process oriented. ThereShow MoreRelatedWorkplace Discrimination Essay examples1339 Words   |  6 Pagesdiscrimination in work-related areas, such as recruiting, hiring, job evaluations, promotion policies, training, compensation and disciplinary action. (employeeissues.com, 2006) Aside from the obvious, unfair treatment does not always equal unlawful discrimination. Treating a person differently from others violates Equal Employment Opportunity (EEO) laws only when the treatment is based on the presence of a protected characteristic, rather than on job performance or even on something as arbitraryRead MoreThe Merits Of Teacher Performance Pay3187 Words   |  13 PagesTHE MERITS OF TEACHER PERFORMANCE PAY IN KENYA Introduction This paper discusses the merits of performance pay for teachers in Kenya. I argued here that remuneration reforms for civil service teachers will achieve production efficiency. This paper has three main sections. Section 1 gives a brief description of the scheme of service for teachers in Kenya. Section 2 highlights the economic case in favour of teacher salaries and identifies the government failures in ensuring teacher effectiveness.Read MorePolitical Patronage And Union Protection Essay1873 Words   |  8 PagesLiterature Analysis Exploration More than a century of social science interest in the question of political patronage and union protection in the public sector has resulted in numerous laws and techniques to isolate, identify its presence, and fixed it. Although no method is without its limitations, some provisions provide a variety of perspectives that can help us understand to what degree these practices affect the morals in the City of Plantation and the City of North Miami Beach (NMB). IdentifyingRead MoreImpact Of Compensation Performance Evaluation And Promotion Practices On Employees Performance2387 Words   |  10 PagesImpact of Compensation, Performance Evaluation and Promotion Practices on Government Employees Performance VS Private Employees Performance Bilal Jamil Research Scholar Foundation University Islamabad Naintara Sarfaraz Raja Assistant Professor Foundation University Islamabad Abstract This study investigated the impact of three HRM practices namely compensation, performance evaluation and promotion practices on employee performance of both public and private sector organizationsRead MoreThe Contemporary Pay And Benefits Environment Must Comply With The Civil Service Compensation System3341 Words   |  14 Pagescivil service compensation system. Designed with the assumption that an individual job was an essential unit of measurement and that the relationship of the one job to another, could be determined and its values assessed apart from the job incumbent. Under such a program, we must identify the elements as characterizing the future of compensation policy and practices. It is the utmost importance, to distinguish between long-term verse shorter-term perspective, performance, compensation, and the typesRead MoreEmployee Remuneration13571 Words   |  55 PagesChapter I INTRODUCTION 1. MEANING OF WAGE/ COMPENSATION PAYMENT: Wage is a monetary payment made by the employer to his employee for the work done or services rendered. It is a monetary compensation for the services rendered [1]. A worker may be paid Rs. 100 per day or Rs. 4500 per month. This is wage payment. The worker gives his services and takes payment called wage payment. Industrial workers are paid remuneration for their services in terms of money called wage payment. WagesRead MoreProject on Employee Retention9019 Words   |  37 Pagescutting edge technology driven environment has made employee retention mind-boggling. The fast pacing change across the globe has made the new employee employer relationship irreversible. However all corporations not only in IT sector but also traditional manufacturing sector are attempting to stem attrition. This paper attempts to unravel this paradox study the various facets that surround this burning issue i.e. * factors that make employees stay in a organization * reasons why they leaveRead MoreInternship Report in Janata Bank Limited9784 Words   |  40 Pagesthe banking organizations are trying to provide better opportunities to their client. As the life very much risky in the reality, it is very difficult to bear cash money now a day, without taking the help of banking sector it is quite impossible to deal with the day-to-day busy business. 1.3 Objectives of the report: General objectives: 1. The general objective of the report is to know about the management system of Janata Bank as a public commercial bank, its formation, and its functional, operationalRead MoreBear Sterns Rise and Fall4779 Words   |  20 Pagescollapse of the company. Instead, they tried to convince the general public that the rumors about the liquidity crisis were false and the firm was making money and paying its counterparties while all its clients were trying to get they money back. When they tried to find an emergency exit at the end of the week, it was too late and they had to accept the humiliating offer from JP Morgan Chase. They forgot that in a business based on confidence, when that confidence evaporates, so does the businessRead MorePublic Fiscal Administration3852 Words   |  16 Pagesthe subject PA026A – PUBLIC FISCAL ADMINISTRATION PREPARED AND SUBMITTED BY GROUP V Vincent Yuzon Rosales II Frances Santos Angelito Laderas Antonio Vitan Jr. Ma. Lourdes Cuenco SUBMITTED TO PROFESSOR CYNTHIA RAVELA CUBOS June 28, 2011 THEORIES OF EXPENDITURE GROWTH Three prominent theories that used the time-pattern of expenditure in the long-run to explain the expansion of the public sector are discuss in this chapter. Although this theories were formulated based on the experience of the

The Road Not Taken By Robert Frost - 1286 Words

Everyone faces choices in life on a daily basis. You decide what you want to eat in the morning and if you wear pants or shorts that day. Everything is a choice, however, no one can tell how each path will turn out, so saying the road less taken is the better choice has no evidence and is a useless statement. In his poem â€Å"The Road Not Taken,† Robert Frost gives thought about taking the road less traveled and how it has made a difference in his life, however each road is actually equal in taking and both can have positive and negative effects and there is technically no actual â€Å"road less traveled†. Frost doesn’t say whether the difference is positive or not which leaves the overall theme of this poem unclear, especially seeing as he contradicts himself on many occasions. When someone faces a choice in their life they look at how each choice will play out. They look at the pros and cons of every choice and then they try to decide off of which will be the better choice. However, if they don’t know how the path will end out then they try to decide which to take just by a guess. Some people think taking the path that not a lot of people take is the better choice. Frost’s poem is perceived in this notion by some people. The beginning of Frost poem talks about the coming to the diverging roads. This is simple enough. â€Å"And sorry I could not travel both;†. Frost wants to travel both roads so he could decide which to take. This is the same experience everyone has when faced with aShow MoreRelatedThe Road Not Taken By Robert Frost983 Words   |  4 PagesThe poem â€Å"The Road Not Taken was written by Robert Frost, a four-time Pulitzer Prize winner in poetry, and also a special guest at President John F. Kennedy’s inauguration (Robert Frost Biography). Frost was born on March 26, 1874 in San Francisco, California and he died of complications from prostate surgery on January 29, 1963. Much of Robert’s popularity was gained throughout Europe (An Analysis of Robert Frost’s Poem: The Road Not Taken). Frost became a poetic force, and the unofficial poetRead MoreThe Road Not Taken by Robert Frost764 Words   |  3 PagesWritten by Robert Frost, â€Å"The Road Not Takenâ₠¬  deals with about making choices in life and how those choices affect your whole life. The meter of this poem is iambic tetrameter, for the most part. In most lines, the meter follows the rule with four iambs, which means that there is one unstressed syllable followed by a stressed syllable. But the meter is not normal since, in some lines, an anapest, which means there are two unstressed syllables followed by one stressed syllable, is substituted forRead MoreThe Road Not Taken By Robert Frost1173 Words   |  5 PagesRobert Frost, one of America’s well-known poets is highly regarded for his realistic illustrations of rural life and poetry which is still relevant in today’s society. After being honoured on numerous occasions, he became one of America’s most popular public figures. Frosts’ poems reflect his greatness and his life in a variety of ways after he was confronted with such despair and grief after the passing of his father due to tuberculos is at just eleven years of age and his mother who passed awayRead MoreThe Road Not Taken By Robert Frost995 Words   |  4 Pagesthey can only move forward hoping for the best. â€Å"The Road Not Taken†, Robert Frost, 1916. In â€Å"The Road Not Taken† a traveler is strolling through the woods and comes across two different roads he could take, and unable to travel both the poet eventually chooses which path to take. The theme conveyed is about making choices. Frost does this through the use of diction, the use of figure of speech, and the use of imagery. To start with, Frost displays the main idea of decision making by the wordsRead MoreThe Road Not Taken By Robert Frost1055 Words   |  5 Pagesago. Either way, if you admit it now or in the wee hours of the night, like most people, you will come across this question at least once in your life. Robert Frost was able to grasp this raw, vulnerable life changing moment in the palm of his hand. Then he beautifully laid it out in the form of words in the narrative poem â€Å"The Road Not Taken†. Frost is able to take you back to a time when you have been faced with a life-changing decision. Then, causing you to ask yourself â€Å"Did I make the right choiceRead MoreThe Road Not Taken By Robert Frost940 Words   |  4 Pagesâ€Å"The Road Not Taken† was written by Robert Frost in 1916, and it was the first poem in the collection Mountain Interval (Shmoop). Even though it was written many years ago, people of all ages still study this enticing poem. Frost wrote about coming to a fork in the woods and examining which path he should take and whether he might ever come back; the speaker believes each path is fine to take, but he takes the less used path (line 6). He wrote about this decision in clear, standard English. â€Å"TheRead MoreThe Road Not Taken By Robert Frost863 Words   |  4 PagesThe Poem, â€Å"The Road Not Taken†, by Robert Frost is a detailed poem about a conflict in a person’s life, dealing with having to take the right path throughout life. The Narrator of this poem is faced with a predicament when he comes across two paths. The choices that he makes in his life, can alter the future for better or worse. This poem describes his attitude and emotion towards his choices as well as, shows examples of themes, mood, and different literary devices. The title of this poem canRead MoreThe Road Not Taken, By Robert Frost968 Words   |  4 PagesPersonal Response 3 Title: The Road Not Taken Text Type: Poem Author: Robert Frost The poem, ‘The Road Not Taken’ by Robert Frost is about the â€Å"roads† and different paths we take in our lives. Frost wrote about a traveler who had to chose between two roads. He had to decide if he wanted to go down the well used or less used path. In the end, he went down the less used path. The theme of decision making and choices is shown in this poem. I think that this is a way of describing the choices we makeRead MoreRoad Not Taken, Robert Frost942 Words   |  4 PagesEnglish 101 Burstrem October 7, 2009 The Road Not Taken Life is full of choices and decisions that could ultimately change the outcome of our lives. In the poem, â€Å"The Road Not Taken† by Robert Frost, a traveler is destined to make that decision. This traveler man has to decide which road to take, one that is frequently traveled, and the one that is not. After contemplating which road to follow, he comes to the decision to take the road less traveled because he doesn’t want to follow inRead MoreThe Road Not Taken By Robert Frost1100 Words   |  5 PagesRobert Frost reflects that poetry â€Å"begins in delight and ends in wisdom†¦.It runs a course of lucky events , and ends in a clarification of life—not necessarily a great clarification, such as sects and cults are found on, but in a momentary stay against confusion† (931). His poem â€Å"The Road Not Taken† is a clarification of life. This paper will analyze and evaluate the formal elements of â€Å"The Road Not Taken† and consid er how these elements work together to fit the author’s purpose and clarification

Operations Management At Kudler Fine Foods Essay - 1405 Words

Table of Contents i. Introduction. ii. Business process affected and how they would be affected. iii. Effects on Kudlers supply chain iv. Quality control tools and performance standard needed. v. Conclusion. vi. References. Introduction Kudler Fine Foods founded by Kathy Kudler in 1998 to provide ingredients needed for gourmet meals in one location. Kathy began the company with one store, which turned a profit in the first year. The company now consists of three stores in different cities of California. The organization and culture at Kudler focuses on the customer and the employees. Based on it success in the business, Kudler intends to contract with local growers of organic produce, and in doing so bypasses the old method of†¦show more content†¦Previously, Kudler Purchasing Function receives the sales data from each location at the end of each shift. The sales data is combined, the applicable inventory accounts are credit, and the business rules determine if a purchase order should be submitted. Now, that Kudler buys directly, they need to have a modify the business rule concerning business order. Produces are seasonal, so in order to have all year long fresh produce, storage methods have to come into play. Failure to develop a fully functioning storage system can lead to a loss in terms of perishable inventory in terms of the produce. The purchasing unit now requires a knowledgeable agriculturist that helps them in their decision-making as far as the produce purchase is concerned. The quantity discount purchases and the number of days since last order no longer applies to the business rules created. The business rules for Kudler include but are not limited to: Quantity of inventory on hand, Quantity discount purchases, Number of days since the last order. (Kudler). Inventory at hand can be looked upon as to that which they now have in their storage that was previously purchased, but the quantity discount purchases given to them previously by their vendors no longer applies that they no but directly. Decisions are made on what merchandise to continue and discontinue selling. (Kudler) The decision-making on this part would be more difficult to make now, that they buy inShow MoreRelatedOperations Management at Kudler Fine Foods2693 Words   |  11 PagesKudler Fine Foods is a profitable upscale specialty and gourmet food store with three locations in La Jolla, Del Mar and Encinitas, California. Kudler’s mission is to provide customers with the finest in selected foodstuffs, wines, and related needs in an unparalleled consumer environment (Apollo Group, Inc., 2006). Customers visiting Kudler stores demand specialty and fresh organic foods. To keep customers satisfied, Kudler must offer excellent quality products and ensure product availability. Read MoreKudler Fine Foods Operations Management1429 Words   |  6 PagesKudler Fine Foods (KFF) was founded by Kathy Kudler in the San Diego metropolitan area in 1998. Kathy developed a business plan for the store due to a need for an upscale specialty food store in La Jolla. After opening KFF on June 18, 1998 and concluding a profitable year, she opened a second and third store (Kudler Fine Foods, 2008). KFF has seen strong success and now must ensure continued growth by expanding services, improving the efficiency of operations, and increasing the consumer purchaseRead More Creating a Problem Statement for Kudler Fine Foods Essay1158 Words   |  5 Pagesfor Kudler Fine Foods Kudler Fine Foods is a gourmet grocery store chain located in the San Diego California area. The vision of Kudler Fine Foods is to become the premiere gourmet grocery store for shoppers who are interested in purchasing the finest meats, produce, cheese and wines (Kudler 2003). After opening its first store in La Jolla, California in 1998, Kudler Fine Foods (KFF)Read MoreInventory Turnover1096 Words   |  5 Pagesratio showing how many times a company’s inventory is sold and replaced over the period of time. The risk of Kudler Fine Foods was to make sure that their perished goods had a fast inventory turnover rate. The importance of high inventory turnover was expected to protect the brand’s integrity and vision of keeping all goods fresh. Inventory turnover is considered a key measure of management efficiency. It is a measure of how often, during a course of a year, a company sells and replaces its inventoryRead MoreKudler Fine Foods Virtual Organization Essay931 Words   |  4 PagesKudler Fine Foods Virtual Organization Kudler Fine Foods is an upscale specialty food store touting the very best domestic and imported products in the San Diego metropolitan area. To understand the success of the organization this paper will show the primary functions of management and who is responsible for each function at Kudler. In this paper the subject to describe is how Kudler’s management uses the Internet and technology in daily processes for greater success. Finally, the paper will citeRead MoreKudler Fine Foods: Strategic Planning1729 Words   |  7 PagesKudler Fine Foods: Strategic Planning Kudler Fine Foods (Kudler), a gourmet shop, has recently decided to add organic produce to its product line up and implement a catering service. Actuating this business venture will affect Kudler s suppliers, employees, and consumers. The focus of this paper is to explore how changes in technology have created business opportunities for Kudler, identify the strategy that Kudler should pursue, explore some of the tactics the organization should implementRead MoreKudler Fine Foods: Analysis of the Market Structures and Strategic Planning1079 Words   |  4 PagesAbstract This paper presents an analysis of the market structures, strategic planning, market environment, and internal environment of Kudler Fine Food in order to suggest the best market structure which can be helpful for its long-term profitability and recommend strategies which can make it more competitive and successful among its industry rivals. Difference between Market Structures There are four types of market structures: Monopolistic Competition, Monopoly, Oligopoly, and Perfect CompetitionRead MoreOverview of Management at Kudler Fine Foods, Virtual Organization1423 Words   |  6 PagesThis text is about Kudler Fine Foods, a virtual organization, used for the purpose of give an overview of management. This will identify the primary functions of management through the description of whom is responsible for each function at Kudler, explaining how technology and internet are used nowadays and how affects the management of the organization, and illustrating each of the five forces from Porter’s Model. Kathy Kudler was the VP of Marketing of a large defense contractor company andRead MoreKudler Fine Foods: Overview of Management1109 Words   |  5 PagesKudler Fine Foods is an up scaled epicurean gourmet food shop that was founded in 1998 by Kathy Kudler. Kathy Kudler has opened three stores her first store opened in La Jolla in1998, her second store opened in Del mar in 2000, and the third store in Encinitas in 2003. Kudler Fine Foods uses the internet and intranet to keep up important records for their employees and customers. Allowing their management to follow through as needed on its employees and keep accurate data. The intranet allowsRead MoreNeed for a Change Process Within the Accounting Department of Kudler Fine Foods1586 Words   |  6 PagesHeader: KUDLER FINE FOODS VIRTUAL ORGANIZATION 1 Need for a Change Process within the Accounting Department of Kudler Fine Foods Virtual Organization Abstract The Kudler Fine Foods is located in the metropolitan area of the San Diego. It is a local upscale specialty food store. The very best imported and domestic foodstuffs are stocked in all the stores of this company. The Kudler Fine Foods has five departments, namely: Fresh Produce, Fresh Bakery and Pastries, Condiments and Packaged Foods, Fresh

Exposure Draft Differs Current Insolvency - Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Exposure Draft Differs Current Insolvency? Answer: Introducation The current law on insolvent trading imposes a positive duty on directors of preventing insolvent trading.[1] By virtue of that law, a director is required to prevent a company from incurring debts if it is already insolvent or if by incurring those debts, it runs into insolvency. Section 588G (1) provides that there are reasonable grounds upon which a director may assume that the company is running into debt. A director is deemed to have engaged in insolvency trading if that company incurs debt and; becomes insolvent as a result of the incurred debt; there are reasonable grounds to suspect that the company would become insolvent; the director has knowledge of those grounds or a reasonable person in the same scenario would be aware; and the director did not prevent the incurring of debt by the company.[2] Section 95A defines insolvency as the inability to pay all the debts as and when they become due. The Australian Governments Exposure Draft titled Treasury Laws Amendment (2017 Enterprise Inventive No. 2) Bill 2017 makes proposals for amending the Corporations Act. The amendments in the draft Bill under Part 1, will exclude company directors from personal liability for insolvent trading by creating a safe habour in cases where a company undertakes restructure in particular circumstances. The intention of the Exposure Draft, particularly Part I of the same, is operating as a carve-out from the duties of a director to prevent insolvent trading.[3] Its objective is to save businesses and nurture a turnaround culture.[4] The major difference between the current insolvency laws and the Exposure Draft is that the current law is focused on the creditor and prefers the creditor to the rehabilitation of companies.[5] To fully capture the differences between the Exposure Draft and the current insolvency laws, the following section critically analyses the effectiveness of Part I of the Expo sure Draft. Discussion on the Effectiveness of Part I of the Exposure Draft and Critical Analysis The Exposure Draft has introduced a safe harbour from personal liability to insolvent trading. This it has done by introducing section 588GA just below section 588G, which contains the safe harbour provisions. The safe harbour is expected to operate as a carve-out to directors from the section 588G (2) provisions of civil insolvent trading. This paper notes that the Exposure Draft limits how the carve-out operates. For instance, directors must demonstrate that they were taking reasonable steps likely to achieve a better outcome for the entirety of the creditors and company. Directors are precluded from taking passive roles or from allowing a company to trade normally during financially difficult times or undertaking recovery plans. Furthermore, directors can only rely on the safe harbour if they were taking appropriate courses of action to ensure compliance with the companys duty of maintaining proper records and books, provision for entitlements to employees and tax reporting requir ements. Where a liquidator has already been appointed, directors who withhold books and records do not fall under the protection of the safe harbour. The Exposure Draft also outlines a list of factors that a court may consider to establish that a reasonable course of action was undertaken to lead to a likely better outcome for the company and creditors thereof. It is important to note that the limits set in the Exposure Draft are not intended at making provision for a company to trade past its viability. Accordingly, it is notable that discretion is left to the courts to determine if the circumstances of each case are meritorious for qualifying for the safe harbour. Also, it is noteworthy that the scope of mounting a defence based on a companys circumstances is considerable. The burden of proof is on a liquidator who alleges that section 588G was contravened to argue and prove that the safe harbour is not applicable since a director failed to take reasonable steps; Evidential Burden of Proof The Exposure Draft proposes the evidential burden mechanism. The Explanatory Memorandum explains that directors bear the burden of proof. The onus is on a director to furnish the relevant information, books and not to withhold any.[6] Such evidences are examined by the liquidator who then makes a determination of whether more material is required. For a director who seeks to place reliance on the safe harbour provisions, the initial evidentiary burden is lowered.[7] This evidential burden is reasonable since it gives room for identifying issues that are relevant. In addition, it is in line with the principle that a plaintiff establishes the wrong that a defendant is alleged to have committed. The safe harbour provision addresses numerous issues such as timing of insolvency. This gives ample opportunity to directors for undertaking rational decision making processes devoid of fear of liability. It also assists directors to make sure that the balance within the law is not fundamentally altered while offering protections to the company and creditors from recklessness where a company has already entered into debt.[8] According to ARITA, the safe habour provisions must not be deemed as relaxing the responsibilities of directors but one that heightens them. Beneficial and positive governance thresholds must be met before invoking the business judgement rule.[9] The Restructuring Advisor The Exposure Draft proposes the mandatory appointment of a restructuring advisor by a company that is in insolvency. Such appointment should be a recommendation and not mandatory to enable good corporate governance, which a company adopts voluntarily. This mandatory requirement is flawed and may give rise to unnecessary problems since it disempowers directors.[10] A myriad of issues affect business performance, for example, business cycles, international relations, demographic changes and the general economy, among other factors. A company may have adopted an appropriate strategy and all that is needed to manifest positive changes may be some more time or a few tactical changes. Engaging the services of an external advisor too early may not be favorable to a company or creditors and only serves the purpose of undermining the directors and not demonstrating confidence and trust in them. Hence, the reputation and morale of a company is likely to be affected adversely. If the appointmen t is mandated, it may only be a short while before it becomes mandatory to disclose the appointment. Even if the restructuring adviser is to be appointed by the company, the requirement for accreditation should be removed at the very least. The Australian Institute of Company Directors in their submission of 2016, at page 5, recommend an approach that is principle based rather than the prescriptive approach proposed by the Exposure Draft. Very business differs and under the ever changing circumstances, there is a plethora of needs. No accreditation can ever suffice to cater for the ever changing nature of business.[11] Accordingly, the decision for appointment of a restructuring adviser should be left at the discretion of the company if is so elects. It is important that the Australian Securities and Investment Commission keep a register containing the names and education, qualifications and codes of professional conduct of restructuring advisors. Viability The policy objective underpinning the Exposure Draft proposals in introducing a safe habour is provision of a moratorium where directors are able to turn around the business. The consequence is better returns for creditors and the continual use of assets in a productive manner as opposed to a fire sale. In this regard, this paper agrees that the restructuring advisers role would be formulating an idea as to the viability of a company. However, although it is agreeable that the test for viability should be avoiding insolvent liquidation, this paper does not agree that the appropriate method of determining viability is return to solvency. This is more so in light of the stringent test for solvency in the current law of the Corporations Act. In numerous instances where corporate groups have been successfully restructured, there are companies that were wound up when their business assets were sold, and this exemplifies a rescue of a business that is viable by selling it to a new owner. Disclosure This paper considers that any reforms made to the personal liability for directors for insolvent trading must not be at the expense of suppliers, customers, employees and innocent creditors who are bona fide in their dealings with the company assuming that it is solvent. In other words law reform on duties of directors as relates to insolvent trading should not be at the sacrifice of protection of creditors. Informed markets should necessarily be the cornerstone of approaches to laws on insolvency trading.[12] Under the Exposure Draft, directors are not required to reveal whether they are carrying on business in a safe harbour. Under the current law as constituted, confidentiality applies to situations where there are work-outs and restructurings. With regard, therefore to disclosure, there is no change between the proposals and the current law as creditors are still uninformed. It is noteworthy that trade supplier creditors are required to be secured by virtue of the provisions of t he Personal Properties Securities Act 2009(Cth). Hence even though the safe harbour provisions to directors in insolvency are introduced creditors who fail to protect themselves will lose their goods. With respect to public listed companies, the Exposure Draft is neutral, since it leaves the decision to disclose that the company is in a workout under the continuous disclosure rules to the public to the directors. This position is arguably reasonable since it would not be reasonable for a company to disclose such information at a time it is undertaking a business rescue. Effectiveness of the Exposure Draft Based on the above discourse, the question is how effective is Part I of the Exposure Draft. The answer to this question is not as straight forward as it may seem. It is a matter that is subject to much ongoing deliberation and analysis. The Australian Institute of Company Directors (2017, p.1) has noted that if the proposed reforms are effectively designed, they will foster innovation and entrepreneurship by encouraging directors and companies to take responsible risks. Accordingly, whether Part I of the Exposure Draft is effective or not is dependent on how effectively they will be designed. The design of the proposals will be achieved through incorporating the various views expressed by the respective stakeholders as above-discussed and thus making necessary adjustments to the law. However, overall, this paper strongly supports the reforms to Australias insolvency laws which are considered to be among the worlds strictest insolvency laws. Conclusion To answer the question as to: whether the amendments should proceed as drafted; or if the current law should remain; or if other amendments should be made, this paper answers as follows. There is no doubt, need for the proposed amendments as the current insolvency law is draconian, especially when benchmarked against global insolvency laws. The changes are needed to implement a cultural shift and minimize the impact of the stigma that attends to business failure.[13] Indeed, changes are necessary to strike a balance between creditor protection and encouraging entrepreneurship.[14] However, further amendments should be made to the Exposure Draft proposed amendments to fine tune the law and make it more economically viable. The following are the recommendations this essay makes. References ARITA (Australian Restructuring Insolvency and Turnaround Association) 2014, A Platform for Recovery 2014, Discussion Paper, October, p.13. Australian Institute of Company Directors (AICD), Improving bankruptcy and insolvency laws, Treasury.gov.au, 2016, https://www.governanceinstitute.com.au/media/881308/final_submission_insolvency_law_reform.pdf (accessed 18 September 2017), p.5. Australian Institute of Company Directors (AICD), National Innovation and Science Agenda Improving corporate insolvency law, Treasury.gov.au, 2017 https://static.treasury.gov.au/uploads/sites/1/2017/06/C2017-010_Australian-Institute-of-Company-Directors-UPDATED.pdf (accessed 20 September 2017). Australian Shareholders Association, Treasury Laws Amendment (2017 Enterprise Incentives No. 2 Bill), https://static.treasury.gov.au/uploads/sites/1/2017/06/C2017-010_Australian-Shareholders-Association.pdf, 2017 (accessed 17 September 2017). Corporations Act 2001 (Cth). Davis, H, Insolvency Law Reform - Submissions of Henry Davis York, https://static.treasury.gov.au/uploads/sites/1/2017/06/C2017-010_Henry-Davis-York.pdf, 2017 (accessed 17 September 2017). Dong, L, Submission Regarding Insolvency Law Change, 2017, https://static.treasury.gov.au/uploads/sites/1/2017/06/C2017-010_Dong-Lin.pdf, 2017 (accessed 17 September 2017). Governance Institute of Australia, Insolvent Trading: A safe Harbour for Reorganisation Attempts Outside of External Administration, Treasury.gov.au, https://www.governanceinstitute.com.au/media/37076/Final_submission_revised_business_judgment_rule_insolvency.pdf, 2010, p.2. KordaMentha Restructuring, Improving Corporate Insolvency Law Exposure Draft 2017, https://static.treasury.gov.au/uploads/sites/1/2017/06/C2017-010_KordaMentha.pdf, 2017 (accessed 17 September 2017). Law Council of Australia, Submission in response to the Treasury National Innovation and Science Agenda Improving bankruptcy and insolvency laws, Treasury.gov.au, https://www.lawsociety.com.au/cs/groups/public/documents/internetpolicysubmissions/1176437.pdf, 2016 (accessed 18 September 2017), p.1. Productivity Commission 2015, Business Set-up, Transfer and Closure, Draft Report, Canberra, p.353. The Treasury, 2017. Explanatory Memorandum - National Innovation and Science Agenda - Improving corporate insolvency law. Canberra: The Treasury, pp.5-18. The Treasury, Improving bankruptcy and insolvency laws Proposals Paper, 2016, Canberra: The Treasury, pp.10-15. Westpac Banking Corp v Bell Group Ltd [2012] WASCA 157 CACV 52 of 2009 pp. 517-18. Winter, J, Improving bankruptcy and insolvency laws Proposals Paper April 2016, p.1

KARMA Essays (2146 words) - Shabda, Reincarnation, Spirituality

KARMA The doctrine of Karma is a spiritual doctrine based on the theory of cause and effect. Although Karma does not exactly fit the definition of supernatural phenomenon it is a spiritual doctrine based on the philosophy that God is not responsible for the happiness or failure of an individual, rather, we as individuals are solely responsible for the consequences of our own behavior. The concept of Karma has two major interpretations; the most common approaches are to the idea of reincarnation, particularly in the West where the idea has almost no existence. In the East, people believe in reincarnation and hold a fatalistic idea of Karma. I favor neither westerner nor easterner extremist approaches to Karma Doctrine. I on the other hand favor only the basic concept of the Karma, since it has gradually inspired me to become a better person. It has motivated me to neglect the satisfaction of my enlarging ego and instead it has encouraged me to take responsibility for my actions; hoping tha t with this attitude, I might one day achieve peace of body and mind. The West shows almost no interest in the law of Karma. This is due to its strong links to reincarnation. Most westerners refuse to believe in the transmigration of souls. Believing that you could be a human being in one life and an animal in the succeeding life, is a basic idea of reincarnation that some of us refuse to accept. For example, the act of swatting a fly could be perceived as killing a person, perhaps your mother in a past life. I myself have a hard time believing in such occurrence. If in fact westerners show interest in reincarnation, it is only with a skeptical curiosity of knowing who they were in previous lives. In the west, no serious research is done on the subject. As stated in the short story The Politics of Being Mortal, "?the arrogance of Western science seeking to master rather to work with nature."(Making Contact, pg. 618). Western society refuses to attempt a true understanding of the spiritual and mystical forces in the soul and in nature. The influence of Christianity in the Western Hemisphere has left us with the belief that God chooses to punish or reward your actions in life and perhaps in heaven or hell. "Christianity which holds the soul works out its rewards or punishments in a single lifetime. The closest mentioning of Karma is in the biblical scripture: '?for whatever a man sowest, that shall he reap.' (Gal. 6:7)" www.sconline.com. The non-religious western believe that we are in full control of our own destiny, which we are to some extent, but that there is no greater law governing our life is not, in my opinion, entirely true. Good and bad Karma must not be regarded as a reward or punishment, but just simply as a consequence of your actions. The East is a devoted believer in reincarnation and consequently in the Law of Karma. In the east as well as in the west, Karma is viewed with extreme viewpoints. They believe that their status in this life is a consequence of their actions in a previous life. Drastically differing from the west, easterners humbly accept their destiny and believe it cannot be changed. Unlike westerners, fatalistic eastern people are not really curious to find out what they were in the past life. The eastern society believes that the reason for having an unhappy and miserable life is due to The Law of Karma. That is, they have no doubt that they deserve the misery they are in now because of the terrible person they once were in their preceding existence. It is within their beliefs that if they accept their punishment calmly and try to be good in this lifetime that they will be rewarded with higher status next time around. In my opinion, the acceptance of the Law of Karma on that basis is too extreme and even pathetic. The Orient's extremist viewpoint of Karma is clearly reflected in their failure of democracy and social happiness. Both the western and eastern perspective on the principle of Karma is too extreme. The western society is too unconcerned in respect to reincarnation. Westerners